[Wijsheid denken] Wat heeft de mannelijke bevolking eerst gereduceerd in de afgelopen 60 jaar?

Tekst | Het National Bureau of Social Sciences, het Nationaal Bureau voor Sociale Wetenschappen, die op 28 februari werd gepubliceerd, uitgebracht op 28 februari, zei dat de mannelijke bevolking van China werd verlaagd met 460.000 in 2021. vrouwelijke bevolking is toegenomen met 940.000 in het voorgaande jaar .

Sommige media hebben de jaren na jaren ontdekt, 2021 is in de afgelopen 60 jaar (sinds 1962) is de mannelijke bevolking van China voor de eerste keer afgenomen. mannelijke bevolking van mijn land is verminderd in de eerste keer, en wordt be?nvloed door de cross-over van de veranderingen in de geboorte bevolking indicatoren en sterfte schommelingen.

Aan de ene kant is de geboortepopulatie van mijn land de afgelopen jaren afgenomen. "Seven PU" -gegevens tonen aan dat in 2021 de geboortepopulatie van mijn land (de verhouding van het aantal levende babyjongen en babymeisjes in één jaar) 111.3 was, naar beneden 6.8 vergeleken met 2010. Het aantal geboren bevolking daalt tegelijkertijd, wat betekent dat in 2021 de pasgeborenen van mijn land daalden. Aan de andere kant steeg in 2021 mortaliteit met 0,11 ‰ in 2020, de absolute waarde van sterfgevallen vond plaats door een absolute waarde van 165.000. In tegenstelling tot het aantal vrouwelijke bevolking in mijn land blijft groeien, en vrouwen per hoofd van de bevolking verwachting is verder uitgebreid. My Country’s Per Capita Life-verwachting is toegenomen van 77.37 in 2010, waarbij 2020 80,88 jaar oud, 4 jaar oud is dan het gemiddelde van de wereldvrouwen. Nog een gegevens laten zien dat de levensverwachting van mijn land de levensduur van mijn land 77,9 jaar oud is.

Het is te zien dat de levensverwachting van mannen in mijn land relatief kort is.

Biologische omstandigheden zoals chromosoomstructuur en hormoonsecretie zijn belangrijke redenen voor dit fenomeen. Bovendien zijn vrouwen in mijn land gezonder dan mannen in levende gewoonten. Het aantal niet-besmettelijke chronische ziekten in mijn land is goed voor 80% van het totale aantal sterfgevallen, terwijl roken en drinken een belangrijke ge?nduceerde factor is bij ademhalingsziekten, cardiovasculaire en cerebrovasculaire aandoeningen, kwaadaardige tumoren.

De enquête toont aan dat de vrouwelijke rookpercentage van mijn land 2,4% bedraagt, terwijl de rokersnelheid van mannen zo hoog is als 52,9%, en de volledige leeftijd van vrouwen is ook aanzienlijk lager dan mannen.

Tegelijkertijd, de avontuurlijke tendens van actie, zelfbeheersing van emotionele uitdrukking, evenals de arbeidslast van de zware energie-industrie, enz., Samen met de complexe gezondheidsrisico’s voor mannen. De voortdurende daling van de genderratio van geboortevaluaties is een belangrijke manifestatie van genderstructuur. Aan de ene kant is dit afgeleid van de transformatie van het traditionele zwangerschapsconcept, zoals de verzwakking van "zware mannelijke en lichte vrouwen, het verhogen van kinderen en anti-oude" idee?n, evenals de aangeboren druk van het huidige huwelijk "huisvesting kopen, Nesten infectie ", verbetert de kosten van het verhogen van jongens.

Aan de andere kant wordt geprofiteerd van sociale vooruitgang om de voortdurende verbetering van vrouwen te bevorderen. Als de meisjes in verschillende hoger onderwijs beter dan jongens, ze hebben dezelfde "handdoek" in bepaalde technische majors, "de gemiddelde genderkloof wordt voortdurend verminderd; de arbeidsparticipatie van vrouwen kanalen en beveiligingssystemen zijn voortdurend verbeteren, de werkgelegenheid voor vrouwen personeel Het aandeel van de Werkgelegenheidspersoneel van de hele samenleving heeft 40% overschreden; het fenomeen van "twee niet-" verschijnselen, zoals de foetus van niet-medische behoeften blijft afnemen. Allerlei factoren hebben "mannelijke en vrouwelijke gelijkheid" gemaakt "" Goede vriendjes zijn zo goed als goed "en andere concepten verder in het hart.

De mannelijke bevolking is voor het eerst in de afgelopen 60 jaar verminderd, zal het een belangrijk keerpunt zijn voor de proportionele optimalisatie van huwelijkse groepen in de toekomst? Dit probleem moet worden waargenomen. Vanuit het perspectief van leeftijdsverdeling, zoals de mannelijke en vrouwelijke verwachte levensduur, zal de verbetering van de vrouwenpopulatie in de toekomst vooral manifesteren in de 60-jarige menigte, geen jongeren; vanuit het perspectief van regionale distributie, hoewel de nationale De bevolking in de geslachtsverhouding van 2021 is gedaald tot 104,88, maar de binnenlandse provincies hebben nog steeds seksratio van niet-evenwichtsproblemen; van stedelijke en plattelandsverdeling, de 31 plattelandsbevolking van mijn land is meer dan 100, en veel grote steden zijn getrouwd met de groep is " Vrouwelijke multi-mannelijke "situatie, waardoor" het huwelijk knijpen "in het huwelijk van het landelijke oudere mannen jeugd.

Voor toekomstige echtelijke populaties zijn de bovenstaande problemen nog steeds onzeker, en het is dringend om het beleid te begeleiden. De samenleving moet de publiciteit blijven vergroten, het publiek bevorderen om een ??positieve liefde, het huwelijksaanzicht en het gezinsweergave vast te stellen, vooral om de douane te verplaatsen, de bevordering van de hervorming van het huwelijkshervorming te versnellen, regeert een deel van de wedstrijdketens van traditionele rigs zoals " hoge prijs".

Na 80, na 90, werd het enige kind na de leeftijd van het huwelijk verouderd, omdat de levensduur van de ouder en het gezinsleven, de werkplekdruk conflicten had, en dan het late huwelijk of niet getrouwd. In reactie op de "One Old" -zorg, kunt u beginnen met de oprichting van "wijd gedekt" langdurig verpleegverzekeringssysteem, verdere verbetering van het niveau van pensioen- en huisvestingsservicesubsidies, en gecombineerd met de pilootervaring van het eerste jaar ervaring van de piloot, moet door middel van "type-lid" binnenlandse politiek mode beperkingen te breken.

Combinatie van gezinsubsidies met belastingconcessies, familiebescherming, gemeenschapsdiensten, enz.

Li Mingyuan presided over the study meeting of the Municipal Government’s Party Group and the Central Group

　　On May 23, Li Mingyuan, Secretary of the Party Group and Mayor of the Municipal Government, presided over the learning meeting of the Municipal Government Party Group and theoretical Learning Center Group to convey the 25th meeting of General Secretary Xi Jinping in the Central Committee of the Central Committee. The spirit of important speeches at the opening ceremony of the annual meeting and the spirit of returning to the old professor to Beijing University of Science and Technology studied and deployed the current key tasks. The meeting pointed out that General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech was high -house, rich in connotation, and profound thoughts, which provided us to provide fundamental compliance with various tasks. It is necessary to carefully implement the actual situation of Xi’an.

It is necessary to further accelerate the construction of the digital government, deeply understand the important measures to promote the reform of the fiscal system below the province, strictly implement the audit system for leading cadres’ natural resource assets, increase financial support for innovation and scientific and technological incentives, and strive to promote key core technology research and science and technology The transformation of results to ensure that the decision -making of the Party Central Committee is effective in our city.

　　The meeting emphasized that it is necessary to seize the development opportunities of the “Belt and Road”, continuously strengthen the awareness of openness, actively serve and integrate into the new development pattern, accelerate the construction of the China -EU trains assembly center, and make every effort to promote the construction of a comprehensive service platform for free trade zones, air economic, and digital finance service platforms , Continue to optimize the business environment, vigorously promote the Internet+government services, and promote Xi’an to achieve higher levels of opening up.

It is necessary to vigorously implement the strategy of strong talents, build talents to cultivate growth ecosystems, establish and improve the mechanism of love and talents, and strive to cultivate high -quality talents that listen to the party, follow the party, have ideals, and ability.

　　The meeting emphasized that it is necessary to complete the new development concepts in complete, accurate, and comprehensively, and fully achieve the requirements of "the epidemic should be defended, the economy must be stable, and the development must be safe", and new progress has been made to promote high -quality economic development.

We must always adhere to the people’s supremacy and life supremacy, unwavering to adhere to the "dynamic clearing zero" general policy, accurately and efficient emergency treatment of the epidemic, strictly fall into the measures of external prevention input, internal prevention rebound, and strengthen key areas to return to return to return to return The health management and services of personnel have effectively built a strong epidemic prevention and control barrier.

It is necessary to do a good job of safety and stability, strictly implement the responsibility system for production safety, strengthen the safety work in the fields of road traffic, construction construction, hazardous chemicals, gas, fire protection and other fields, make every effort to prepare for flood prevention, flood resistance, disaster reduction and disaster relief. Resolve the comprehensive governance of social security, and hold a harmonious and stable social environment for the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China with practical actions.

　　The meeting also studied other matters. edit:.

"No Character Scriptures" – Remember the fossil love of the ancient biological research team of Yunnan University

The arthropod Lin Qiari Hou Xianguang, Liu Wei is a map "This is a ‘shrimp" from the cold Wudi period in 500 million years.

"Teaching Professor Zhang Xiying, Ancient Biology Research Institute, Yunnan, said quietly with the image on the computer screen.

The screen is a tapered ancient organism, and the detail of the body is now. This is the fossil "dissolved" from a stone on the side of Jinsha River, the size is less than 1 mm.

A block of inconspicuous stones, researchers can decipher the "wordsless book".

Since 2004, the research team made up by Professor Zhang Xiying, the Ancient Biological Research Institute of Yunnan University, has begun "with stone as a companion".

On November 3 this year, they have obtained the second prize of the 2020 National Natural Science Award with the "Early Earth Evil Evolution of Han Wu Ji Di Precision and Arts". A "dust", seeing the mystery microscope of life, a piece of fossil, sesame seeds. "You see, this is its head, this is its tail …" Zhang Xigang’s teaching side, while painting the part of the fossil body in the paper. He said: "After experiencing the five largest extinguishes in the history of the Earth, why can artificial animals still continue to evolve and maintain a huge advantage of the number of species? How to quickly adapt to the earth environment changes and in various ecological environments Is it dominant to occupy an advantage? These mystery is hidden in a piece of fossil.

"Over the years, we have tapped the stone, from Chengjiang Biological Group, the fossil of the Xiaosa Biological Group to the acid bubble treatment of ton micro-fossil samples, obtained a large number of raw data. "Zhang Xi Guang said. Observation of electron scanning microscope, the arthropod body structure in fossils has no legacy." They seem to tell the story of ancient times.

"Zhang Xiguang said while watching.

In the eyes of scientists, the ancient bodies of hundreds of years ago, in the same live, in a "dust", the team first confirmed the true crustacean to the early days of the cold, and push 20 million before the relevant fossil record In the year, the fossil record of the upper limbs of the crustal was pushed up to 100 million years, and its important position on the evolution tree of the arthrophy animal was established.

Under the epidemic transplantation of double lung transplants, white hematic girls were discharged from Shanghai "recovery day" in Shanghai

Xiaoxin’s mother and daughter took a group photo with medical staff.

Two years ago, Ruijin Hospital confession, Xiaoxin found the chief physician Hu Jiong, a chief physician of the Department of Hematology of Ruijin Hospital due to the continuous anemia, and was finally diagnosed with mixed cell leukemia.

Xiaoxin is very strong, and has survived a series of treatments such as chemotherapy, bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

However, at the end of last year, she had chronic migraphytic anti -host response after the bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell migration -cause sexual breathing difficulties, which was caused by occlusion fine pilotitis.

In November last year, Xiaoxin’s lung function was unable to compensate, and severe malnutrition and muscle atrophy also experienced poor physical condition.

The multi -disciplinary team of Ruijin Hospital started discussions. Experts believe that the damage of small new lung function is irreversible, and only lung transplantation is performed.

"Although it is rare, combined with domestic and foreign experience, the general prognosis of these patients after the lung transplantation is good, and the quality of survival and life has a significant benefit." Said Deputy Chief Physician Du Hailei, a thoracic surgeon. On March 13, Xiaoxin was lucky enough to get the organs donated by others. Since the successful lung transplantation is closely related to the degree of injury damage of organs ischemia, and with the coordination of various departments of the hospital, Professor Chen Jingyu, a well -known domestic lung transplant expert, and Professor Li Hecheng team from Ruijin Hospital. Full hemp Solid, the flat lyric position continues to keep the chest and bone sequence first left and right to reduce the double lung transplantation.

One of the difficulties of surgery is that the lungs need to match the height, weight, and heart chest ratio.

Xiaoxin has a thin body shape and a small thorax. The doctor performed lung trimming plastic surgery and some lung reducing in the operation. The two lungs were successfully transplanted into Xiaoxin’s body. The function and blood circulation were good. After nearly 7 hours of fighting, the operation was successfully completed, and Xiaoxin lived in the ICU.

Three days after surgery, doctors closely monitor her various vital signs to determine whether the lungs that have just been transplanted in the body are working well and adjust the treatment at any time to avoid abandonment of the previous work.

It is also a major test to avoid effective anti -infective treatment while avoiding super -acute exclusion. The adjustment of each medicine for each medication requires repeated discussions between many disciplines of hospitals.

On April 29, Xiaoxin turned to the thoracic surgery ward to continue treatment and recovery.

At the end of the Shanghai epidemic prevention and control, in order to ensure that Xiaoxin’s fighting spirit is always online. After a strict epidemic prevention and control process, Xiaoxin’s mother was able to enter the hospital to accompany. At the same time, the thoracic surgery team once again organized online multi -disciplinary experts to consult, and carefully analyzed and arranged the problems such as damage to Xiaoxin liver function and postoperative rehabilitation. "Seeing Xiaoxin, just like seeing her child, I really hope she will get better soon!" Said the nurse chief Hu Yanxia.

In the morning, the housing and blood were drawn early. Xiaoxin liked to sleep. The medical staff specially adjusted the time and waited for her to wake up and do it for inspection.

Dr. Sun Xin, Dr. Sun Xin, accompanies Xiaoxin to complete the rehabilitation training every day. Those who seem to be very simple. For Xiaoxin, who has not fully recovered the patient after surgery, it is very difficult. Encourage her. Xiaoxin’s nutritional condition was not good, and she was a little picky during hospitalization. Doctors and nurses all found a way to let her eat more and even buy snacks and drinks.

The responsible doctor Du Hailei came to chat as soon as he was free. Today, Xiaoxin has finally discharged a new breath.

Li Hecheng said that most people do not know the lung transplantation at present, which has caused people who originally had a lung transplantation to save their lives. Especially patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary or pneumoconiosis should choose lung transplantation as far as possible and plan the lungs in advance. Transplantation can not only improve life span, but also greatly improve the quality of life.

It is reported that Ruijin Hospital is the only medical institution in Shanghai with a full organ transplant qualification to carry out transplantation of the heart, liver, lung, kidney, pancreas, small intestine and other organs.

During the epidemic, a total of 10 organ transplants were completed, including 4 cases of liver transplantation, 3 cases of kidney transplantation, 2 cases of heart transplantation, and 1 case of lung transplantation. (Li Dong Shen Tianzheng) (Responsible editor: Yuan Bo, Wen Songhui) Share more people see it.